[PCI DSS 3.0] 11.5 Deploy a change-detection mechanism (for example, file-integrity monitoring tools) to alert per

11.5 Deploy a change-detection mechanism (for example, file-integrity monitoring tools) to alert personnel to unauthorized modification of critical system files, configuration files, or content files; and configure the software to perform critical file comparisons at least weekly.

Note: For change-detection purposes, critical files are usually those that do not regularly change, but the modification of which could indicate a system compromise or risk of compromise. Change-detection mechanisms such as file-integrity monitoring products usually come pre- configured with critical files for the related operating system. Other critical files, such as those for custom applications, must be evaluated and defined by the entity (that is, the merchant or service provider).

11.5.a Verify the use of a change-detection mechanism within the cardholder data environment by observing system settings and monitored files, as well as reviewing results from monitoring activities.
Examples of files that should be monitored:
 System executables
 Application executables
 Configuration and parameter files
 Centrally stored, historical or archived, log and audit files
 Additional critical files determined by entity (for example, through risk assessment or other means).

11.5.b Verify the mechanism is configured to alert personnel to unauthorized modification of critical files, and to perform critical file comparisons at least weekly.

Change-detection solutions such as file-integrity monitoring (FIM) tools check for changes to critical files, and notify when such changes are detected.
If not implemented properly and the output of the change-detection solution monitored, a malicious individual could alter configuration file contents, operating system programs, or application executables. Unauthorized changes, if undetected, could render existing security controls ineffective and/or result in cardholder data being stolen with no perceptible impact to normal processing.